New age in vaccinology: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on third-generation vaccine development
Eliézer Lucas Pires Ramos, Jean Michel Dela Vedova-Costa, Violetta Dias Pacce, Gabriela Nascimento Ferreira, Yessenia Cristhel Manrique Guzmán, Raphael Aparecido Boschero, Manuel Hospinal Santiani, Vanete Thomaz-Soccol
Abstract
The emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic required fast and effective vaccine development. Thus, third-generation vaccine technologies were pushed forward and, for the first time, obtained approval for human use. This review presents an analysis on the production, efficacy, and safety of different third-generation vaccines for infectious diseases. DNA, mRNA, and viral vector vaccines in phase III and IV clinical trials were explored here, with considerations and comparisons between them. Two databases of clinical trial vaccines were also analyzed, revealing that 7.9% of phase III and IV clinical trial studies are related to third-generation vaccines. Most of these studies started in 2020 (28.6%) and 2021 (63.1%). The target disease is primarily COVID-19 (92.9%), and most trials are concentrated in developed countries. Scientific, economic, and political factors influenced the rapid development of third-generation vaccines, marking the beginning of a new age in vaccinology. The knowledge obtained during this brief period will influence future vaccine development and treatment of infectious diseases.
Keywords
References
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World Health Organization – WHO. (2020, March). WHO directorGeneral’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 (NBER Working Paper Series). Geneva: WHO. https://www.who. int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarksat-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
Submitted date:
08/15/2021
Reviewed date:
09/15/2021
Accepted date:
10/03/2021
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