Biological activities of green coffee nanoemulsions evaluated through alternative methods: MTT, cellular proliferation, and HET-CAM assays
Elizandra Bruschi Buzanello; Susane Lopes; Daniela Sousa Coelho; Ana Paula Voyten; Simone Fanan; Letícia Mazzarino; Marcelo Maraschin
Abstract
Green coffee (Coffea arabica) has been widely explored by the cosmetic industry for its beneficial properties to the skin. The oil from coffee beans helps in hydration by retaining the lipids of the stratum corneum forming a barrier to the water in the skin, also preventing the aging. The green coffee paste also has positive implications in the development of cosmetic products with high biological activity, i.e., anti bacterial, antioxidant, proliferative, and aiding skin healing. This study aims to explore the synergistic effects of coffee constituents by investigating green coffee nanoemulsions. The evaluation will focus on their impact on cell proliferation, viability, as well as the potential risk of eye irritation. The findings will contribute to establishing the safety and efficacy criteria necessary for incorporating these nanoemulsions into cosmetic products. The nanoemulsions were approximately 200 nm in size, with monodispersive characteristics, and negative charged. In vitro biological tests showed that green coffee nanoemulsions had low cytotoxicity, stimulate cell proliferation and did not show eye irritation by the alternative methods to animal use that have been tested. The study demonstrated promising potential, but further research is necessary for its practical incorporation into the industry.
This document has an erratum: 10.4322/biori.00112023er
Keywords
References
Abraão, F. (2017). Nanotechnology: the dose of skin permeation. Esthetic Magazine with Science. https://issuu.com/didierjr/ docs/edicao6
Addor, F. A. S. A., & Silva, V. M. (2013). Skin barrier in atopic dermatitis: The importance of an appropriate cleansing agent. Surgical and Cosmetic Dermatology, 5(2), 128-132.
Afornali, A., Vecchi, R., Stuart, R. M., Dieamant, G., Oliveira, L. L., Brohem, C. A., Feferman, I. H. S., Fabricio, L. H. Z., & Lorencini, M. (2013). Triple nanoemulsion potentiates the effects of topical treatments with microencapsulated retinol and modulates biological processes related to skin aging. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 88(6), 930-936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/ abd1806-4841.20132208. PMid:24474102.
Almeida, J. S., Jezur, L., Fontana, M. C., Paese, K., Silva, C. B., Pohlmann, A. R., Guterres, S. S., & Beck, R. C. R. (2009). Oilbased nanoparticles containing alternative vegetable oils (Grape seed oil and Almond kernel oil): Preparation and characterization. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 28(2), 165-172.
Andrade, K. S. (2011). Evaluation of extraction techniques and the antioxidant potential of extracts obtained from coffee husk and grounds (Coffea arabica L.) [Unpublished Master Dissertation]. Federal University of Santa Catarina.
Aslantürk, O. S. (2018). In vitro cytotoxicity and cell viability assays: Principles, advantages and disadvantages. In M. L. Larramendy & S. Soloneski (Eds.), Genotoxicity: A predictable risk to our actual world. IntechOpen. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71923
Baggio, J. (2006). Evaluation of residues (bark and organic powder) of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) as a probable source of bioactive substances [Unpublished Master Dissertation]. Federal University of Santa Catarina.
Bajerski, L., Michels, L. R., Colomé, L. M., Bender, E. A., Freddo, R. J., Bruxel, F., & Haas, S. E. (2016). The use of brazilian vegetable oils in nanoemulsions: An update on preparation and biological applications. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52(3), 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502016000300001.
Beck, R., Guterres, S., & Pohlmann, A. (2011). Nanocosmetics and nanomedicines: New approaches for skin care. Springer. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19792-5.
Boelsma, E., Hendriks, H. F. J., & Roza, L. (2001). Nutritional skin care: Health effects of micronutrients and fatty acids. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 73(5), 853-864. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/73.5.853.
Bouchemal, K., Briançon, S., Perrier, E., & Fessi, H. (2004). Nano-emulsion formulation using spontaneous emulsification: Solvent, oil and surfactant optimisation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 280(1-2), 241-251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. ijpharm.2004.05.016. PMid:15265563.
Bouranen, A. (2017). Determination of the stability of cosmetic formulations with incorporation of natural products [Unpublished Master Dissertation]. Escola Superior Agrária de Bragança.
Buck, S. B., Bradford, J., Gee, K. R., Agnew, B. J., Clarke, S. T., & Salic, A. (2008). Detection of S-Phase cell cycle progression using 5′-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation with click chemistry, an alternative to using 5′-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine. BioTechniques, 44(7), 927-929. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/000112812. PMid:18533904.
Carvalho, A. G. S., Silva, V. M., & Hubinger, M. D. (2014). Microencapsulation by spray drying of emulsified green coffee oil with two-layered membranes. Food Research International, 61, 236-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.08.012.
Carvalho, K. V. (2014). Development and evaluation of nanoemulsions with crude ethanolic extract from the leaves of Melaleuca leucadendron and pilocarpine hydrochloride for potential use as a topical radioprotector [Unpublished Master Dissertation]. Federal University of Ouro Preto.
Elizei, V. G., Chalfoun, S. M., Botelho, D. M. S., & Rebelles, P. P. R. (2016). Antifungal activity, in vitro, of the green coffee oil. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 83, 1-4.
EMD Millipore. (2015). EdU Cell Proliferation Assay. EdU-488 Catalog No. 17-10525. Revision B: 17-1052XMAN. https://www. sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/ documents/100/843/17-1052x.pdf
Engel, E., Michiardi, A., Navarro, M., Lacroix, D., & Planell, J. A. (2008). Nanotechnology in regenerative medicine: The materials side. Trends in Biotechnology, 26(1), 39-47. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.10.005. PMid:18036685.
Fronza, T., Guterres, S., Pohlmann, A., & Teixeira, H. (2007). Nanocosmetics: Towards the establishment of regulatory frameworks. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.
Gasque, K. C. S., Al-Ahj, L. P., Oliveira, R. C., & Magalhães, A. C. (2014). Cell density and solvent are critical parameters affecting formazan evaluation in MTT assay. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 57(3), 381-385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/ S1516-89132014005000007.
Gupta, A., Burak Eral, H., Alan Hattona, T., & Doyle, P. S. (2016). Nanoemulsions: Formation, properties and applications. Royal Society of Chemistry -. Soft Matter, 12(11), 2826-2841. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5SM02958A. PMid:26924445.
Harris, M. I. N. C. (2009). Skin-structure, properties and aging. Senac São Paulo.
Harris, M. I. N. C. (2016). Skin: from birth to maturity. Senac São Paulo.
IACUC. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. (2016). Policy for Use of Avian Embryos. Date of IACUC Approval: February 5, 2016. https://www.liberty.edu/graduate/iacuc/wp-content/ uploads/sites/75/2019/07/Policy_AVIAN_EMBRYO_USE.pdf
ICCVAM. Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods. (2010). Recommended test method protocol: Hen’s egg test - Chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) Test method. NIH Publication. https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/ iccvam/docs/protocols/ivocular-hetcam.pdf
Jintapattanakit, A. (2018). Preparation of nanoemulsions by phase inversion temperature (PIT) method. Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia, 45(1), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29090/psa.2018.01.001.
Kanitakis, J. (2002). Anatomy, histology and immunohistochemistry of normal human skin. European Journal of Dermatology, 12(4), 390-99. PMid:12095893.
Koch, P., & Parchet, J. M. (1994). Treatment of coffee oil (United States Patent nº. 5,372,831). US Patent & Trademark Office.
Leite, C. B. S. (2018). Glucosamine and chondroitin nanoemulsion for topical treatment of knee backdrops, evaluated in a randomized clinical trial [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Brasilia.
Maciel, N. R. (2012). Development of multiple cosmetic emulsions containing sunflower oil and sesame oil: studies of physical-chemical stability [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Sao Paulo.
Maruno, M. (2009). Development of sesame oil-based nanoemulsions with raspberry oil additives for skin burns [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Sao Paulo.
Mazzarino, L., Pitz, H. S., Voytena, A. P. L., Trevisan, A. C. D., Ribeiro-Do-Valle, R. M., & Maraschin, M. (2017). Jaboticaba (Plinia peruviana) extract nanoemulsions: Development, stability, and in vitro antioxidant activity. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(4), 643-651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0363904 5.2017.1405976. PMid:29139323.
Mendoza, D. L., & Saavedra, A. (2013). Chemical composition and antiirritant capacity of whole body extracts of Ulomoides dermestoides (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Revista de la Facultad de Química Farmacéutica, 29(1), 41-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea. vitae.10994.
Neves, K. (2008). Nanotechnology in cosmetics. Cosmetics & Toiletries, 20(jan-fev), 22.
Nirmala, M. J., & Nagarajan, R. (2017). Recent research trends in fabrication and applications of plant essential oil based nanoemulsions. Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology, 8(434), 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000434.
Oliveira, P. M. A., Almeida, R. H., Oliveira, N. A., Bostyn, S., Gonçalves, C. B., & Oliveira, A. L. (2014). Enrichment of diterpenes in green coffee oil using supercritical fluidextraction - characterization and comparison with green coffee oil from pressing. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 95, 137-145. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2014.08.016.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2014). OECD Guidelines for the testing of chemicals draft revised guideline 439: In vitro skin irritation: reconstructed human epidermis test method. OECD.
Puertas-Mejía, M. A., Villegas-Guzmán, P., & Rojano, C. B. A. (2013). Borra de cafe colombiano (Coffea arabica) como fuente potencial de sustancias con capacidad antirradicales libres in vitro. Revista Cubana de Plantas Medicinales, 18(3), 469-478.
Seaman, C. W., Whittingham, A., Guest, R., Warren, N., Olson, M. J., Guerriero, F. J., Adriaens, E., & Wever, B. D. (2010). An evaluation of a cultured human corneal epithelial tissue model for the determination of the ocular irritation potential of pharmaceutical process materials. Toxicology In Vitro, 24(6), 1862-1870. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2010.03.004. PMid:20227483.
Smoluchowski, M. (1916). Drei vorträge über diffusion, brownsche molekularbewegung und koagulation von kolloidteilchen. Zeitschrift für Physik, 17, 557-571, 585-599.
Soto, M. L., Parada, M., Falqué, E., & Domínguez, H. (2018). Personal-care products formulated with natural antioxidant extracts. Cosmetics, 5(13), 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics5010013.
Spielmann, H., Gerner, I., Kalweit, S., Moog, R., Wirnsberger, T., Krauser, K., Kreiling, R., Kreuzer, H., Lüpke, N. P., Miltenburger, H. G., Müller, N., Mürmann, P., Pape, W., Siegemund, B., Spengler, J., Steiling, W., & Wiebel, F. J. (1991). Interlaboratory assessment of alternatives to the draize eye irritation test in Germany. Toxicology In Vitro, 5(5-6), 539-542. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/0887-2333(91)90089-V. PMid:20732073.
Stamatas, G. N., Sterke, J., Hauser, M., Von Stetten, O., & Van Der Pol, A. (2008). Lipid uptake and skin occlusion following topical application of oils on adult and infant skin. Journal of Dermatological Science, 50(2), 135-142. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.11.006. PMid:18164596.
Sutradhar, K. B., & Amin, M. L. (2013). Nanoemulsions: Increasing possibilities in drug delivery. European Journal of Nanomedicine, 5(2), 97-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ejnm-2013-0001.
Voytena, A. P. L. (2017). Characterization of the chemical profile and evaluation of safety and in vitro efficacy of coffee oil (Coffea arabica L.) for cosmetic application [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Federal University of Santa Catarina.
Wagemaker, T. A. L., Fernandes, A. S., Campos, P. M., Rodrigues, L. M., & Rijo, P. (2012). Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of green coffee oil in cosmetic formulations. Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research, 9(2), 207-214. http://dx.doi. org/10.19277/BBR.9.2.43.
Wagemaker, T. A. L., Fernandes, A. S., Rosado, C., Rijo, P., Campos, P., & Rodrigues, L. M. (2013). Safety of green coffee oil in cosmetic formulations: From in vitro to clinical studies. Toxicology Letters, 221, S231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.561.
Zanatta, C. F. (2008). Application of buriti oil in the development of emulsions and study of cytotoxicity and photo-protective potential in cell culture [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Sao Paulo.
Submitted date:
03/17/2023
Accepted date:
08/15/2023
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email